Non-invasive body contouring techniques are gaining popularity as an alternative to surgical procedures for localised fat reduction. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has emerged as a promising approach, stimulating cellular metabolism and potentially inducing lipolysis. This study explored the efficacy of LED PBMT, both as a standalone treatment and in combination with a thermogenic dermocosmetic, in reducing abdominal fat and improving body contour in women. Addressing a gap in existing literature, which primarily focuses on lasers, this study investigates the potential of LEDs as a safe and effective option.

This study investigated the potential of light-emitting diode (LED) photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) as a non-invasive method for reducing localised abdominal fat and improving body contour. It examined whether combining LED PBMT with a thermogenic dermocosmetic enhances these effects. The study addresses a gap in the literature, as previous research has mainly focused on laser treatments for body contouring, with limited studies on the efficacy of LEDs, both alone and in combination with topical treatments. The aim is to provide evidence supporting a safer alternative to invasive procedures.

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11845923/#jocd16675-sec-0018

doi:  10.1111/jocd.16675

The study involved ninety sedentary women aged 30-45 years, with a BMI between 18.5 and 29.9 and skin folds greater than 1.5 cm. They were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a sham group receiving a placebo LED treatment, a group treated with LED photobiomodulation therapy using 630 and 850 nm wavelengths, and a group treated with LED PBMT combined with a thermogenic dermocosmetic. The study used a mechanical stadiometer (model 110 CH; Welmy, SP, Brazil) to measure body weight and height. Then, BMI (kg/height m2) was calculated. Perimetry was measured using a tailor's tape measure (RMC or Fiber). This measurement was taken around the circumference of the abdomen, considering pre-defined horizontal lines at the lower and upper abdomen. The study employed comprehensive data collection methods, including anthropometric measurements (body mass, height, BMI, perimetry, and adipometry) and ultrasound imaging to assess the thickness of the fat layer. After treatment, a patient satisfaction survey was conducted to assess participants' perceptions.

The studies included two groups: a sham therapy group and an active photobiomodulation group, using IBRAMED's Antares equipment from Brazil. Participants in the LG (laser group) and LDG (laser group with dermocosmetics) were treated with both a red LED (630 nm) and a near-infrared LED (850 nm) from the Antares cluster device.

Key Details:

• Treatment Frequency: Irradiation treatments were performed twice a week, with a minimum 48-hour interval between sessions.
• Number of Sessions: Each participant underwent a total of 10 therapeutic sessions.
• Treatment Areas: Four sites were designated for treatment — two in the lower abdomen and two in the upper abdomen. The left side was treated, while the right side served as a control.
• Preparation: Before the treatment, the area was aseptically cleaned with 70% alcohol. LDG participants underwent an additional exfoliation before the treatment.

In the study, participants in the LDG (Laser with Dermocosmetic Group) first underwent an allergic test, where a small amount of the dermocosmetic product was applied to a small area to check for any allergic reactions or irritations. Once safety was confirmed, the gel was applied during the treatment sessions after the photobiomodulation therapy.

Key Steps of the Treatment:

1. Allergy Test: Conducted before treatment to rule out adverse reactions.
2. PBMT Application: Participants received LED PBMT before further treatment steps.
3. Surface Cleaning: The treated surface was cleaned with a cotton swab soaked in water with liquid soap (containing 2% aloe vera and 1% witch hazel) using circular motions.
4. Exfoliation: The skin was exfoliated using a gel with 3% green microspheres.
5. Dermocosmetic Application: A dermocosmetic with measurement-reducing properties was applied, containing:
   • Lipoxin: 5%
   • Liporeductyl: 5%
   • Coheliss: 4%
   • Grape seed oil and 3% qsp cream.

The results indicated that LED photobiomodulation therapy alone reduced the fat layer, as confirmed by both perimetry and ultrasound examinations. Histological analysis showed an increased number of fibroblasts and collagen deposition in the LED-treated groups. However, the addition of the dermocosmetic did not significantly improve fat reduction compared to LED photobiomodulation therapy alone. These findings suggest that LED PBMT effectively alters the bioenergetic state of cells and initiates lipolysis.

• BMI and Adipometry: No statistically significant differences were observed between the group where body mass index (BMI) was measured and the group where adipometry was measured.
• Perimetry (abdominal circumference): Both the LED group (LG) and the LED with dermocosmetic group (LDG) showed a reduction in abdominal circumference compared to the sham group (SG) (p = 0.02). LG showed a statistically significantly greater reduction than LDG (p = 0.01).

• Right periumbilical area: Significant reduction in fat layer thickness in LG and LDG compared to SG, but no significant difference between LG and LDG.
• Left periumbilical area: Significant reduction in fat layer thickness in LG and LDG compared to SG, but no significant difference between LG and LDG.
• Right infraumbilical area: Compared to SG, a significant reduction in fat layer thickness was observed in LG and LDG. LG showed a statistically significant greater reduction compared to LDG.
• Left infraumbilical area: Significant reduction in fat layer thickness in LG and LDG compared to SG, but no significant difference between LG and LDG.

High satisfaction levels were reported across all groups: SG (88%), LG (91%), and LDG (92%).

Collagen and Fibroblasts

• In the LG group, a higher number of fibroblasts was found compared to the SG group (statistically significant difference).
• LG showed a statistically significant increase in collagen compared to SG. No significant difference in collagen was found between LG and LDG.

Fat cells and inflammatory response:

• In the LG group, a significant increase in the number of CD68+ macrophages was observed compared to the other study groups.
• In the LDG group, a significant increase in the number of inflammatory cells was observed compared to SG.

In conclusion, the study demonstrates that LED photobiomodulation therapy, combining red and infrared wavelengths, is a safe and effective non-invasive technique for reducing abdominal fat and improving body contour. The treatment facilitates the mobilisation of fat content within adipocytes, leading to measurable reductions in abdominal circumference.

While the addition of a thermogenic dermocosmetic did not enhance the lipolytic effects of LED photobiomodulation therapy in this study, the standalone efficacy of LED PBMT suggests its potential as a valuable tool in aesthetic practices. The study contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting the effectiveness of light-based therapies in body contouring. It highlights the potential of LEDs as a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to lasers. Further research is warranted to investigate optimal parameters and long-term effects of LED photobiomodulation therapy for localised fat reduction.

The information contained in this blog is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a doctor or specialist before starting any therapy or treatment.